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-<head>
-
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-
-<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Compatibility issues</title>
-
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a name="ch-compat"></a></p>
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
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-[ 3 ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h1>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-<br>Chapter 3 - Compatibility issues
-</h1>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-arches"></a>3.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux includes complete source-code for all of the included
-programs, so it should work on all systems which are supported by the Linux
-kernel; see the <code><a
-href="http://en.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/intro.html#DOES-LINUX-RUN-ON-MY-COMPUTER">Linux
-FAQ</a></code> for details.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The current Debian GNU/Linux release, 4.0, contains a complete, binary
-distribution for the following architectures:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>i386</em>: this covers PCs based on Intel and compatible processors,
-including Intel's 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II (both Klamath and
-Celeron), and Pentium III, and most compatible processors by AMD, Cyrix and
-others.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>m68k</em>: this covers Amigas and ATARIs having a Motorola 680x0 processor
-for x&gt;=2; with MMU.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>alpha</em>: Compaq/Digital's Alpha systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>sparc</em>: this covers Sun's SPARC and most UltraSPARC systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>powerpc</em>: this covers some IBM/Motorola PowerPC machines, including
-CHRP, PowerMac and PReP machines.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>arm</em>: ARM and StrongARM machines.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>mips</em>: SGI's big-endian MIPS systems, Indy and Indigo2;
-<em>mipsel</em>: little-endian MIPS machines, Digital DECstations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>hppa</em>: Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC machines (712, C3000, L2000, A500).
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>ia64</em>: Intel IA-64 (&quot;Itanium&quot;) computers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>s390</em>: IBM S/390 mainframe systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The development of binary distributions of Debian for Sparc64 (UltraSPARC
-native) architectures is currently underway.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For further information on booting, partitioning your drive, enabling PCMCIA
-(PC Card) devices and similar issues please follow the instructions given in
-the Installation Manual, which is available from our WWW site at <code><a
-href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherdistribs"></a>3.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian developers communicate with other Linux distribution creators in an
-effort to maintain binary compatibility across Linux distributions. Most
-commercial Linux products run as well under Debian as they do on the system
-upon which they were built.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux adheres to the <code><a
-href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">Linux Filesystem Hierarchy
-Standard</a></code>. However, there is room for interpretation in some of the
-rules within this standard, so there may be slight differences between a Debian
-system and other Linux systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Debian GNU/Linux supports software developed for the <code><a
-href="http://www.linuxbase.org/">Linux Standard Base</a></code>. The LSB is a
-specification for allowing the same binary package to be used on multiple
-distributions. Packages for the Debian Etch release must not conflict with
-requirements of the LSB, v1.3. As of this writing, Debian GNU/Linux is not
-formally LSB-certified. However, some Debian derived distributions are.
-Discussion and coordination of efforts towards ensuring Debian meets the
-requirements of the Linux Standard Base is taking place on the <code><a
-href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-lsb/">debian-lsb mailing list</a></code>.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherunices"></a>3.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?</h2>
-
-<p>
-For most applications Linux source code is compatible with other Unix systems.
-It supports almost everything that is available in System V Unix systems and
-the free and commercial BSD-derived systems. However in the Unix business such
-claim has nearly no value because there is no way to prove it. In the software
-development area complete compatibility is required instead of compatibility in
-&quot;about most&quot; cases. So years ago the need for standards arose, and
-nowadays POSIX.1 (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990) is one of the major standards for
-source code compatibility in Unix-like operating systems.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Linux is intended to adhere to POSIX.1, but the POSIX standards cost real money
-and the POSIX.1 (and FIPS 151-2) certification is quite expensive; this made it
-more difficult for the Linux developers to work on complete POSIX conformance.
-The certification costs make it unlikely that Debian will get an official
-conformance certification even if it completely passed the validation suite.
-(The validation suite is now freely available, so it is expected that more
-people will work on POSIX.1 issues.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Unifix GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a Linux system that has been
-certified to conform to FIPS 151-2 (a superset of POSIX.1). This technology
-was available in Unifix' own distribution called Unifix Linux 2.0 and in
-Lasermoon's Linux-FT.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-otherpackages"></a>3.4 Can I use Debian packages (&quot;.deb&quot; files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (&quot;.rpm&quot; files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Different Linux distributions use different package formats and different
-package management programs.
-</p>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>You probably can:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-A program to unpack a Debian package onto a Linux host that is been built from
-a `foreign' distribution is available, and will generally work, in the sense
-that files will be unpacked. The converse is probably also true, that is, a
-program to unpack a Red Hat or Slackware package on a host that is based on
-Debian GNU/Linux will probably succeed in unpacking the package and placing
-most files in their intended directories. This is largely a consequence of the
-existence (and broad adherence to) the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
-The <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/alien">Alien</a></code> package
-is used to convert between different package formats.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>You probably do not want to:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-Most package managers write administrative files when they are used to unpack
-an archive. These administrative files are generally not standardized.
-Therefore, the effect of unpacking a Debian package on a `foreign' host will
-have unpredictable (certainly not useful) effects on the package manager on
-that system. Likewise, utilities from other distributions might succeed in
-unpacking their archives on Debian systems, but will probably cause the Debian
-package management system to fail when the time comes to upgrade or remove some
-packages, or even simply to report exactly what packages are present on a
-system.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-<dl>
-<dt><strong>A better way:</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
-The Linux File System Standard (and therefore Debian GNU/Linux) requires that
-subdirectories under <samp>/usr/local/</samp> be entirely under the user's
-discretion. Therefore, users can unpack `foreign' packages into this
-directory, and then manage their configuration, upgrade and removal
-individually.
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-libc5"></a>3.5 Is Debian able to run my old libc5 programs?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. Just install the required <code>libc5</code> libraries, from the
-<samp>oldlibs</samp> section (containing old packages included for
-compatibility with older applications).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-libc5-compile"></a>3.6 Can Debian be used to compile libc5 programs?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Yes. Install <code>libc5-altdev</code> and <code>altgcc</code> packages (from
-the <samp>oldlibs</samp> section). You can find the appropriate libc5-compiled
-<code>gcc</code> and <code>g++</code> in directory
-<samp>/usr/i486-linuxlibc1/bin</samp>. Put them in your $PATH variable to get
-<code>make</code> and other programs to execute these first.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Be aware that libc5 environment isn't fully supported by our other packages
-anymore.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-non-debian-programs"></a>3.7 How should I install a non-Debian program?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Files under the directory <samp>/usr/local/</samp> are not under the control of
-the Debian package management system. Therefore, it is good practice to place
-the source code for your program in /usr/local/src/. For example, you might
-extract the files for a package named &quot;foo.tar&quot; into the directory
-<samp>/usr/local/src/foo</samp>. After you compile them, place the binaries in
-<samp>/usr/local/bin/</samp>, the libraries in <samp>/usr/local/lib/</samp>,
-and the configuration files in <samp>/usr/local/etc/</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If your programs and/or files really must be placed in some other directory,
-you could still store them in <samp>/usr/local/</samp>, and build the
-appropriate symbolic links from the required location to its location in
-<samp>/usr/local/</samp>, e.g., you could make the link
-</p>
-
-<pre>
- ln -s /usr/local/bin/foo /usr/bin/foo
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-In any case, if you obtain a package whose copyright allows redistribution, you
-should consider making a Debian package of it, and uploading it for the Debian
-system. Guidelines for becoming a package developer are included in the Debian
-Policy manual (see <a href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other
-documentation exists on and for a Debian system?, Section 11.1</a>).
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-termcap"></a>3.8 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?</h2>
-
-<p>
-Debian uses the <samp>terminfo</samp> database and the <samp>ncurses</samp>
-library of terminal interface routes, rather than the <samp>termcap</samp>
-database and the <samp>termcap</samp> library. Users who are compiling
-programs that require some knowledge of the terminal interface should replace
-references to <samp>libtermcap</samp> with references to
-<samp>libncurses</samp>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To support binaries that have already been linked with the <samp>termcap</samp>
-library, and for which you do not have the source, Debian provides a package
-called <code>termcap-compat</code>. This provides both
-<samp>libtermcap.so.2</samp> and <samp>/etc/termcap</samp>. Install this
-package if the program fails to run with the error message &quot;can't load
-library 'libtermcap.so.2'&quot;, or complains about a missing
-<samp>/etc/termcap</samp> file.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-accelx"></a>3.9 Why can't I install AccelX?</h2>
-
-<p>
-AccelX uses the <samp>termcap</samp> library for installation. See <a
-href="#s-termcap">Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?,
-Section 3.8</a> above.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<h2><a name="s-motifnls"></a>3.10 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?</h2>
-
-<p>
-You need to install the <code>motifnls</code> package, which provides the
-XFree-2.1 configuration files needed to allow Motif applications compiled under
-XFree-2.1 to run under XFree-3.1.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Without these files, some Motif applications compiled on other machines (such
-as Netscape) may crash when attempting to copy or paste from or to a text
-field, and may also exhibit other problems.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">previous</a> ]
-[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
-[ 3 ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">8</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ]
-[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
-</p>
-
-<address>
-version 3.1.5, 17 January 2007<br>
-<br>
-Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
-<br>
-</address>
-<hr>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>
-