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diff --git a/includes/etch/install/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.html b/includes/etch/install/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.html index 180431b..37f6852 100644..120000 --- a/includes/etch/install/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.html +++ b/includes/etch/install/doc/FAQ/html/ch-uptodate.html @@ -1,479 +1 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> - -<html> - -<head> - -<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> - -<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date</title> - -</head> - -<body> - -<p><a name="ch-uptodate"></a></p> -<hr> - -<p> -[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ] -[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">3</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ] -[ 8 ] -[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ] -</p> - -<hr> - -<h1> -The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -<br>Chapter 8 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date -</h1> - -<hr> - -<p> -A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade -process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth -procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process, -the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible -problem. -</p> - -<p> -You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of -specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at -<code><a -href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h2><a name="s-libc5to6upgrade"></a>8.1 How can I upgrade my Debian 1.3.1 (or earlier) distribution, based on libc5, to 2.0 (or later), based on libc6?</h2> - -<p> -There are several ways to upgrade: -</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -Using a simple shell script called <samp>autoup.sh</samp> which upgrades the -most important packages. After <samp>autoup.sh</samp> has done his job, you -may use dselect to install the remaining packages <em>en masse</em>. This is -probably the recommended method, but not the only one. -</p> - -<p> -Currently, the latest release of <samp>autoup.sh</samp> may be found on the -following locations: -</p> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -<code><a -href="http://www.debian.org/releases/2.0/autoup/">http://www.debian.org/releases/2.0/autoup/</a></code> -</p> -</li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -<code><a -href="http://www.taz.net.au/autoup/">http://www.taz.net.au/autoup/</a></code> -</p> -</li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -<code><a -href="http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/">http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/</a></code> -</p> -</li> -</ul> -</li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -Following closely the <code><a -href="http://debian.vicnet.net.au/autoup/HOWTO/libc5-libc6-Mini-HOWTO.html">Debian -libc5 to libc6 Mini-HOWTO</a></code> and upgrade the most important packages by -hand. <samp>autoup.sh</samp> is based on this Mini-HOWTO, so this method -should work more or less like using <samp>autoup.sh</samp>. -</p> -</li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -Using a libc5-based <samp>apt</samp>. APT stands for Advanced Package Tool, -and it might replace dselect some day. Currently, it works just as a -command-line interface, or as a dselect access method. You will find a libc5 -version in the <samp>dists/slink/main/upgrade-older-i386</samp> directory at -the Debian archives. -</p> -</li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li> -<p> -Using just dselect, without upgrading any package by hand first. It is highly -recommended that you do NOT use this method if you can avoid it, because -dselect alone currently does not install packages in the optimal order. APT -works much better and it is safer. -</p> -</li> -</ul> - -<hr> - -<h2><a name="s-howtocurrent"></a>8.2 How can I keep my Debian system current?</h2> - -<p> -One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse -the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and -finally install it using <samp>dpkg</samp>. Note that <samp>dpkg</samp> will -install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised -package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another -package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other -package is installed. -</p> - -<p> -Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so -quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week. -This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this -avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several -different packages are available for this purpose: -</p> - -<hr> - -<h3><a name="s-aptitude-upgrade"></a>8.2.1 aptitude</h3> - -<p> -APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features -complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other -unique features, see the User's Guide in -<samp>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</samp> (you will have to -install the <samp>apt-doc</samp> package). -</p> - -<p> -<code>aptitude</code> is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux -systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can -be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way. -</p> - -<p> -Before you can use <code>aptitude</code>, you'll have to edit the -<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade -to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source -like this one: -</p> - -<pre> - http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free -</pre> - -<p> -You can replace http.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near -you. See the mirror list at <code><a -href="http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors">http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors</a></code> -for more information. -</p> - -<p> -More details on this can be found in the <code>sources.list(8)</code> manual -page. -</p> - -<p> -To update your system, run -</p> - -<pre> - aptitude update -</pre> - -<p> -followed by -</p> - -<pre> - aptitude dist-upgrade -</pre> - -<p> -Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See -also <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 7.1.3</a>. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h3><a name="s-apt"></a>8.2.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom</h3> - -<p> -<code>apt-get</code> is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages, -and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through <code>dselect</code>. -Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages. -</p> - -<p> -To use <code>apt-get</code>, install the <code>apt</code> package, and edit the -<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up, just as for <a -href="#s-aptitude-upgrade">aptitude, Section 8.2.1</a>. -</p> - -<p> -Then run -</p> - -<pre> - apt-get update -</pre> - -<p> -followed by -</p> - -<pre> - apt-get dist-upgrade -</pre> - -<p> -Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See -also the <code>apt-get(8)</code> manual page, as well as <a -href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get">APT, Section 7.1.2</a>. -</p> - -<p> -To use APT with <code>dselect</code>, choose the APT access method in dselect's -method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be -used. The configuration file is <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>. See also -<a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect">dselect, Section 7.1.4</a>. -</p> - -<p> -If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use <code>apt-cdrom</code>. -For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an -upgrade from a local mirror". -</p> - -<p> -Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them -kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from -overflowing, remember to delete extra files using <samp>apt-get clean</samp> -and <samp>apt-get autoclean</samp>, or to move them someplace else (hint: use -<code>apt-move</code>). -</p> - -<hr> - -<h3><a name="s-dpkg-ftp"></a>8.2.3 dpkg-ftp</h3> - -<p> -This is an older access method for <code>dselect</code>. It can be invoked -from within <code>dselect</code>, thereby allowing a user the ability to -download files and install them directly in one step. To do this, select the -<samp>ftp</samp> access method in <code>dselect</code> (option 0) and specify -the remote host name and directory. <code>dpkg-ftp</code> will then -automatically download the files that are selected (either in this session of -<code>dselect</code> or earlier ones). -</p> - -<p> -Note that, unlike the <code>mirror</code> program, <code>dpkg-ftp</code> does -not grab everything at a mirror site. Rather, it downloads only those files -which you have selected (when first starting up <code>dpkg-ftp</code>), and -which need to be updated. -</p> - -<p> -<code>dpkg-ftp</code> is somewhat obsolete. You should use the APT access -method with ftp:// URLs in <code>sources.list</code> instead. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h3><a name="s-mirror"></a>8.2.4 mirror</h3> - -<p> -This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called -<code>mirror-master</code>, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a -directory tree from a specified host <em>via</em> anonymous FTP. -</p> - -<p> -<code>mirror</code> is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of -software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file -called <samp>.mirrorinfo</samp> is stored on the local host. Changes to the -remote file system are tracked automatically by <code>mirror</code>, which -compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only -changed files. -</p> - -<p> -The <code>mirror</code> program is generally useful for updating local copies -of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since -<code>mirror</code> is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.) -Though the <code>mirror</code> program provides mechanisms for excluding files -names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when -the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected -packages. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h3><a name="s-dpkg-mountable"></a>8.2.5 dpkg-mountable</h3> - -<p> -dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list, -which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For -example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server, -which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary. -</p> - -<p> -It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such -as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or -totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than -the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg -actions in the install method. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h2><a name="s-upgradesingle"></a>8.3 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?</h2> - -<p> -No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a -<samp>start-stop-daemon</samp> program that is invoked to stop, then restart -running process if necessary during a package upgrade. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h2><a name="s-savedebs"></a>8.4 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?</h2> - -<p> -No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk (which is not absolutely -necessary, see above for the description of dpkg-ftp), then after you have -installed the packages, you can remove them from your system. -</p> - -<hr> - -<h2><a name="s-keepingalog"></a>8.5 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!</h2> - -<p> -Passing the <samp>--log</samp>-option to <code>dpkg</code> makes -<code>dpkg</code> log status change updates and actions. It logs both the -<code>dpkg</code>-invokation (e.g. -</p> - -<pre> - 2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4 -</pre> - -<p> -) and the results (e.g. -</p> - -<pre> - 2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4 -</pre> - -<p> -) If you'd like to log all your <code>dpkg</code> invokations (even those done -using frontends like <code>aptitude</code>), you could add -</p> - -<pre> - log /var/log/dpkg.log -</pre> - -<p> -to your <code>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg</code>. Be sure the created logfile gets -rotated periodically. If you're using <code>logrotate</code>, this can be -achieved by creating a file <code>/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg</code> with contents -</p> - -<pre> - /var/log/dpkg { - missingok - notifempty - } -</pre> - -<p> -More details on <code>dpkg</code> logging can be found in the -<code>dpkg(1)</code> manual page. -</p> - -<p> -<code>aptitude</code> logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades -that it intends to perform to <code>/var/log/aptitude</code>. Note that the -<em>results</em> of those actions are not recorded in this file! -</p> - -<p> -Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session -within the <code>script(1)</code> program. -</p> - -<hr> - -<p> -[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ] -[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">3</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">4</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">5</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">6</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">7</a> ] -[ 8 ] -[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">9</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">10</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">11</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">12</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">13</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">14</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">15</a> ] -[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ] -</p> - -<hr> - -<p> -The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -</p> - -<address> -version 3.1.5, 17 January 2007<br> -<br> -Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br> -<br> -</address> -<hr> - -</body> - -</html> - +ch-uptodate.en.html
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